One step tympanostomy tube and method of inserting same

ABSTRACT

A tympanostomy tube for insertion into and residence in a tympanic membrane of a mammal, is disclosed. The tympanostomy tube includes a body including a first end portion, a second end portion, a central portion dispensed between the first and second end portions. An axially extending passageway has a first open end disposed adjacent the first end portion, and a second open end disposed adjacent the second end portion, and an axis extending between the first open end and second open end. The first end portion includes a relatively enlarged diameter, generally radially extending flange. The central portion includes a reduced diameter portion sized for extending through and residing in tissue of the tympanic membrane. The second end portion includes a relatively enlarged diameter second flange disposed adjacent the second end portion. The second flange includes a perimetral edge having an incising portion sufficiently sharpened to cut as a knife through the tympanic membrane during insertion of the tympanostomy tube in the tympanic membrane.

PRIORITY STATEMENT

The present invention claims benefit of priority to Fritsch, U.S.provisional patent application No. 61/668,407, that was filed on 5 Jul.2012 and is fully incorporated herein by reference.

I. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to medical devices, and more particularly,to a tympanostomy tube device used in connection with the insertion of atympanastomy tube into a patient, and methods for inserting atympanostomy tube in a patient.

II. BACKGROUND

From time to time, most younger children suffer from earaches. In manycases, an earache is caused by a build up of fluid in the middle earthat leads to an infection in the ear. Usually, the earache can betreated by giving the child an antibiotic that will help to treat thismiddle ear infection.

Unfortunately, antibiotics do not work well with all patients, foralthough the antibiotic helps to cure the infection, some patientsaccumulate fluid frequently enough within their middle ears so that itis necessary to take steps to aerate the middle ear to thereby helpprevent the accumulation of fluid. This aeration helps to reduce thefluid and likelihood that bacteria will cause an infection in theaccumulated fluid, and helps to reduce or eliminate the re-currence ofearaches.

To treat such patients, a tympanostomy tube is often inserted into theeardrum to extend through the eardrum in order to keep the middle earaerated for a prolonged period of time, and to prevent the accumulationof fluid in the inner ear. A tympanostomy tube is also know as agrommet, ear tube, pressure equalization tube, PE tube, or a myringotomytube.

The operation to insert the tube involves a myringotomy and is performedunder local or general anesthesia. A myringotomy is a surgical procedurein which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum, so as to relievepressure caused by the excessive build up of fluid, or to drain puss,wherein a tube is inserted in the eardrum for residence over an extendedperiod of time.

The most commonly used type of ear tube is shaped like a grommet. If amedical practitioner decides that the ear needs to be kept open andventilated for a long period of time, a “T” shaped tube may be used, asthese “T” tubes can stay in place two to four years or so. The materialsof choice for creating such tubes are plastic materials such as siliconeor teflon. Formerly, stainless steel tubes and other materials werepopular, but are no longer used frequently.

The placement of ear tubes in a child's ear is a very common procedure.In the U.S., it is estimated that the most common reason for a child toundergo a general anesthetic is the insertion of such ear tubes withinthe child's ear. Ear tubes (tympanostomy tubes) generally remain withinthe eardrum for an extended period of time, usually lasting between sixmonths and two years, although “T” tubes can last for four years orlonger. Ear tubes generally spontaneously fall out of the eardrum as theskin of the eardrum slowly migrates out toward the ear canal wall overtime. The ear drum usually closes without a residual hole at the tubesite, but in a small number of cases, a perforation can exist.

In the conventional manner for performing tube insertion, first amyringotomy incision is made by inserting a needle-like knife into theear canal to make the incision. Secondly, after the incision is made,the grommet-shaped ear tube is grasped with forceps and half of thegrommet is inserted through the incision to finally rest suspendedwithin the eardrum, so that the passageway in the grommet creates an airpassage between the auditory canal and tympanic cavity.

A typical ear tube grommet is shaped similarly to a thread spool or wirespool. The grommet generally includes a reduced diameter central portionhaving a cylindrical radially outwardly facing surface. A firstrelatively enlarged diameter flange having a cylindrical radiallyoutwardly facing perimetral edge is placed at one end of the reduceddiameter portion, and a second, similarly configured enlarged diameterportion is placed at the second end of the reduced diameter portion. Anaxially extending passageway extends between a first end and a secondend of the spool, which also includes generally planar upper and lowersurfaces that have a generally round shape.

When inserted in the eardrum, the first enlarged diameter portion isdisposed externally of the eardrum, with the second enlarged diameterportion disposed interiorly of the eardrum. The reduced diameter centralportion extends through the eardrum. The result is that the first andsecond enlarged diameter portions prevent the grommet-shaped tube frombecoming disconnected from the eardrum, to thus hold the grommetsuspended within its position within the eardrum. When held in theproper position, the axially extending passageway of the tube can passbetween the inner and outer surfaces of the eardrum, to thereby provideaeration to the middle ear, which comprises that portion of the ear thatis disposed just interiorly of the eardrum.

Although such ear tubes and insertion devices serve their intendedpurposes, room for improvement exists. In particular, the generallysmall size of an ear tube makes it very difficult and tricky tomanipulate the tube properly to insert it into the eardrum. Inparticular, it is difficult for even skilled surgeons to line up thegrommet properly to insert it into the very tiny incision that wasrecently made in the eardrum by the knife. In essence, the doctor mustmove the knife into and out of the ear to make the incision, and thenfollow it up with an insertion of the grommet into the ear, within thesame incision that was just made by the knife.

It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide an eartube and insertion device that provides the potential to provide a moresmooth and easy ear tube insertion procedure than that known currentlyby the applicant.

III. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, a tympanostomy tube forinsertion into and residence in a tympanic membrane of a mammal isprovided. The tympanostomy tube comprises a body including a first endportion, a second end portion, and a central portion disposed betweenthe first and second end portions. An axially extending passageway has afirst open end disposed adjacent the first end portion, and a secondopen end disposed adjacent the second end portion, and an axis extendingbetween the first open end and second open end. The first end portionincludes a relatively enlarged diameter, generally radially extendingflange. The central portion includes a reduced diameter portion sizedfor extending through and residing in tissue of the tympanic membrane.The second end portion includes a relatively enlarged diameter secondflange disposed adjacent the second end portion. The second flangeincludes a perimetral edge having an incising portion sufficientlysharpened to cut through the tympanic membrane during insertion of thetympanostomy tube in the tympanic membrane.

The distal flange portion is eccentrically coupled to the shaft portion,so as to include a relatively elongated portion and a relativelyshortened portion. The elongated portion and relatively shortenedportion are disposed on generally opposite sides of the shaft portion.The relatively elongated portion includes a knife-like edge surface thatis configured to be capable of cutting an incision into an eardrum, tofacilitate insertion of the tympanostomy tube in an eardrum. Preferably,the distal flange is disposed at an oblique angle of between about 110and 150 degrees relative to the axis of the shaft portion, to betterposition the cutting edge of the elongated portion of the distal shaftportion to cut through an eardrum.

To insert the alternate embodiment tympanostomy tube within an eardrum,the tube is first grasped with an appropriate instrument, such asforceps. The forceps are then employed to place the cutting edge of thetympanostomy tube adjacent to and in contact with an eardrum. Thetympanostomy tube is pushed medially with the forceps to cause theknife-like radially outward edge of the distal flange to slice throughthe eardrum. The tympanostomy tube continues to be moved medially, to apoint wherein the distal flange is disposed in the middle ear mediallyof the ear drum, the shaft portion extends through the eardrum, and theproximal flange is disposed externally of the eardrum. Preferably, theproximally-facing surface of the distal flange is positioned to restagainst the medial (interior) surface of the eardrum, to thereby anchorthe tympanostomy tube in its position, to help prevent the tympanostomytube from being removed from the eardrum prematurely.

One feature of the present invention is that it includes a distal flangehaving a cutting edge, for cutting an incision in to the eardrum. Thecutting edge may have micro-serrations in order to better cut into theeardrum tissue without tearing or rupturing the eardrum. This featurehas the advantage of enabling the tube itself to make the incision, tothereby make the placement of a tympanostomy tube in an eardrum moreeasily accomplished.

Also in accordance with the present invention, an alternate “T” tubeembodiment of tympanostomy tube system is disclosed. The tympanostomytube includes a tympanostomy tube and an insertion device. The insertiondevice includes a generally cylindrical member having anaxially-extending interior passageway that is sized for receiving atympanostomy tube. The insertion device has an outer diameter generallysmall enough to enable the medical practitioner to insert the insertiondevice into an ear canal to a point wherein a distal end of theinsertion device can engage an exteriorly disposed surface of aneardrum.

The alternate “T” tympanostomy tube includes a proximal portion and adistal portion. The proximal portion is generally tubular in nature, andincludes an axially-extending interior passageway. The proximal portionhas an exterior diameter sized for being received within the interioraxially-extending passageway of the insertion device.

The tympanostomy tube also includes a distal portion having at least afirst leg and a second leg. Each of the first and second legs include aproximal end that couples the particular leg to the distal end of theproximal portion of the tympanostomy tube, and a distal end. The distalends of the respective at least first and second distally disposed legsare configured to comprise cutting surfaces capable of incising theeardrum to permit the tympanostomy tube to be passed at least partiallythrough the eardrum. The distal legs of the tympanostomy tube aremovable between an insertion position wherein the first and second legsare disposed generally coaxially with the proximal portion, and amaintenance position, wherein the first and second legs are disposed atan oblique angle to the proximal portion of the tube.

The at least first and second distal legs can be placed in theirinsertion position against the eardrum. Then, the distal tip of thefirst and second distal legs can be employed to pierce and incise theeardrum. This allows the distal legs to be passed through the eardrum toa point wherein the first and second distal legs are disposed generallyinteriorly of the eardrum and within the tympanic cavity without needinga prior incision and knife blade. When the tympanostomy tube is insertedin the eardrum, a portion of the proximal portion of the tympanostomytube extends through the eardrum, and the proximal end of the proximalportion is positioned generally exteriorly of the eardrum. When sopositioned, the distal legs of the tympanostomy tube move from theirinsertion position to their maintenance position to help anchor the tubeto the eardrum, to prevent the tube from being removed from the ear.

Preferably, the first and second legs are formed to be biased tonormally move from their insertion position to their maintenanceposition. Additionally, the distal legs should be formed from a plastichaving a memory so that when in the maintenance position, the distallegs extend along a line generally perpendicular to the axis of thecentral passageway of the proximal portion of the tympanostomy tube.

One feature of the alternate embodiment tympanostomy tube includesdistal legs having surfaces that are configured to serve and operate asa knife for incising the eardrum. This feature has the advantage ofsimplifying the incision process, as it converts what was formerly atwo-step process into a single step process. As discussed above, theprior art generally employs a knife to make an incision into the eardrumin the first step. The second step in the prior art is to then insertthe grommet into the incision just made, after the knife is withdrawnfrom the ear canal.

In the alternate “T” tube embodiment, the insertion tube is preferablyplaced against the exterior surface out of the eardrum. The tympanostomytube has been inserted into the central passageway of the insertiondevice, with the distal legs placed in their insertion position, suchthat they are disposed generally coaxially with the proximal portion.The knife-like distal edge of the legs is then used as a knife to createan incision in the eardrum.

By continuously pushing the tympanostomy tube in an axial direction,such as through the action of a piston or plunger, the distal legs canbe moved through the eardrum, to a point wherein the distal legs aredisposed fully within the middle ear portion of the ear (tympaniccavity). The outward biasing of the distal legs then causes the distallegs to move from an insertion position wherein they are axially alignedwith the proximal portion, to a maintenance position wherein they arepreferably almost fully perpendicular to the axis of the proximalportion and forming a generally “T” shape. When the distal legs aredisposed at this generally perpendicular maintenance position, thedistal legs can engage the interior surface of the eardrum, to therebymake the tube resistant to removal or extrusion from the ear, orbecoming dislodged from the eardrum.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, amethod is provided for inserting a tympanastomy tube into a tympanicmembrane for continued residence in a tympanic membrane having aninteriorly facing surface in the tympanic cavity and an exteriorlyfacing surface in the auditory canal. The method comprises providing atympanostomy tube comprising a body including a first end portion, asecond end portion, a central portion disposed between the first andsecond end portions, and an axially extending passageway having a firstopen end disposed adjacent the first end portion, a second open enddisposed adjacent the second end portion, and an axis extending betweenthe first open end and second open end. The first end portion includes arelatively enlarged diameter, generally radially extending flange. Thecentral portion includes a reduced diameter portion sized for extendingthrough and residing in tissue of the tympanic membrane, and the secondend portion includes a relatively enlarged diameter second flangedisposed adjacent the second end portion.

The first end is intended to remain disposed exteriorly of the drumwhile the second end is disposed interiorly of the drum. The secondflange includes a perimetral edge having a sharp incising portion forcutting through the tympanic membrane during insertion of thetympanostomy tube in the tympanic membrane. A forceps is provided havingfirst and second opposed blades operable to grasp an object. The forcepsare used to grasp the tympanostomy tube wherein the first blade isdisposed in the axially extending cavity and the second blade isdisposed exteriorly of the central portion. The forceps are used toposition the sharp incising portion of the second flange at an obliqueangle to the exteriorly facing surface of the tympanic membrane. Thetympanostomy tube is urged in a medial direction to cause the sharpincising portion to engage the tympanic membrane and to cut through thetympanic membrane. The tympanostomy tube is positioned in the tympanicmembrane so that the tympanostomy tube resides in the tympanic membranewith the passageway operable to conduct air between the tympanic cavityand the auditory canal.

These other features of the present invention will become apparent tothose skilled in the art upon a review of the detail of the drawingsappended hereto, and the detailed description of the drawings presentedhereunder.

IV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side, partly schematic view of a prior art “T” typetympanostomy tube in its maintenance position;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the prior art “T” type tympanostomy tube ofFIG. 1 in its insertion position;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the “T” type tympanostomy tube of the presentinvention, shown in its maintenance position;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the inventive tympanostomy tube of FIG. 3,shown in its insertion position;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the lines of 5-5 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side, partly sectional view of the “T” type tympanostomytube and insertion tools inserted in an ear canal, and just prior to theinsertion of the tympanostomy tube in the tympanic membrane (eardrum);

FIG. 7 is a side, partly sectional, progressive view, showing thetympanostomy tube as it is being inserted into and extending through thetympanic membrane;

FIG. 8 is a side view of the “T” type tympanostomy tube and insertiontool of the present invention, showing the tympanostomy tube fullyinserted into the tympanic membrane with the tympanostomy tube shown inits maintenance position;

FIG. 9 is a side, partly sectional view showing the tympanostomy tubefully inserted into the eardrum and in the maintenance position, withthe plunger being removed from the insertion tube;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the “T” type tympanostomy tube fullyinserted in the tympanic membrane, with the tympanostomy tube in itsmaintenance position, and the insertion tube and plunger removed;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the first alternate embodiment“grommet” tympanostomy tube;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along lines 12-12 of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a side somewhat schematic view of the alternate embodimenttympanostomy tube shown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is a top view of the tympanostomy tube shown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 is a bottom view of the tympanostomy tube grommet embodimentshown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along lines 16-16 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a side, partly schematic view of the grommet embodimenttympanostomy tube, showing said tube in a position where it is about tobe inserted into a tympanic membrane;

FIG. 18 is a side view, similar to FIG. 17, except that it shows thetympanostomy tube extending partially through the tympanic membrane;

FIG. 19 is a progressive view, showing the tympanostomy tube beingprogressively inserted into the tympanic membrane;

FIG. 20 is a side view, showing the grommet embodiment tympanic tubefully inserted into a tympanic membrane of the present invention; and

FIG. 21 is a diagrammatic view of the anatomy of the ear of a humanbeing.

V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Turning first to FIG. 21, diagrammatic representation of the ear and itscomponent parts is shown. This drawing is provided for reference to helpprovide context for the description of the tympanic tube of the presentinvention, and its placement within the ear.

The tympanic tube is inserted through the external auditory canal. Thetube is positioned adjacent to the lateral (exterior) surface of thetympanic membrane, and then pushed through the tympanic membrane intothe tympanic cavity. The tympanic cavity is also known as the middleear. When fully inserted and resident in the tympanic membrane, thetympanic tube will include a distal portion that is disposed adjacent tothe medial (interior) surface of the tympanic membrane, and a proximalend that will be disposed adjacent to the exterior surface of thetympanic membrane, and reside in the external auditory canal.

The tympanostomy tube also includes a generally cylindrical centralportion that extends through the tympanic membrane, to couple the distaland proximal ends of the tympanic ends of the tympanostomy tube. When soinserted, the tympanostomy tube of the present invention provides foraeration of the middle ear by providing a venting passageway between theexternal auditory canal and the tympanic cavity. This aeration helps toreduce the amount of fluid buildup in the tympanic cavity, which therebyhelps to reduce the likelihood of an infection occurring in the tympaniccavity. As infections in the middle ear often result in earaches to thepatient, reducing the severity and/or number of middle ear infectionsleads to a reduction in ear aches for the patient.

A prior known tympanostomy tube is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The priortympanostomy tube 10 includes a proximal portion 12, and a distalportion 14. The tube 10 also includes a proximal end 16 that is locatedat the proximal end of the proximal portion 12, and a distal end 18 thatis located at the distal end of the distal portion 14. A central portion20 comprises the area of the tube 10 where the proximal portion joinsthe distal portion 18. An axially-extending passageway 22 extendsthrough the proximal portion 12, and terminates at an open end in thecentral portion 20. When the tube 10 is in its insertion position, asshown in FIG. 2, the axially-extending passageway 22 extends all the waybetween the proximal end 16 and the distal end 18. The distal portion 14includes a first axially extending distal leg member 24, and a secondaxially extending distal leg member 26.

When in the insertion position, as shown in FIG. 2, it will be notedthat the first and second distal legs 24, 26 are disposed generallyco-axially with the proximal portion 12, and that they have the samegeneral dispositions and configurations as the proximal portion 12.However, the distal legs 24, 26 are moveable between an insertionposition 14, as shown in FIG. 2, and a maintenance position as shown inFIG. 1. When in the maintenance position, the distal legs 24, 26 aredisposed at generally an oblique angle, and preferably perpendicular tothe axis of the axially-extending passageway 22 that extends through theproximal portion 12.

The insertion of the prior art tube 10 occurs by first employing a knifeto make an incision in the tympanic membrane. The prior art tube 10 isthen inserted through the freshly cut incision within the tympanicmembrane to a point wherein the distal legs 24, 26 of the distal portion14 are fully inserted into the tympanic cavity. As discussed above, thisinsertion procedure is a very tricky two-step procedure requiring theinsertion and removal of the knife, that is followed by the insertioninstrument that is used to grip and manipulate the tube, into thetympanic membrane. Once the tube 10 is successfully inserted, theinstrument is removed from the ear canal.

A first embodiment “T” tympanostomy tube 30 of the present invention isshown in FIGS. 3-10. The tympanostomy tube 30 includes a proximalportion 32, a distal portion 34, and a central portion 36. The centralportion 36 comprises that portion wherein the distal portion 34 joinsthe proximal portion 32.

An axially-extending passageway 40 extends axially through the proximalportion 32. When the tube 30 is in its insertion position, as shown inFIG. 4, the axially-extending passageway 40 also extends through thedistal portion 34. The tube 30 also includes a proximal end 42 that isdisposed at the proximal end of the proximal portion 32, and a distalend 43 that is disposed at the distal end of the distal portion 34.

A radially outwardly-extending flange 44 is formed at the proximal end42 of the ear tube 30. The radially outwardly-extending flange includesa proximally-facing end surface 46, and a radially outwardly facingperimetral edge 48. An axially distally-facing surface 50 is disposed inan opposed relationship to the proximally-facing end surface 46.

The radially extending flange 44 is designed to have a diameter largerthan the incision made by the tympanostomy tube 30. The purpose of thislarger diameter is to ensure that the tympanostomy tube 30 remains inits appropriate place on the tympanic membrane after insertion. Therelatively enlarged diameter flange 44 helps to ensure that thetympanostomy tube is not moved medially out of its engagement with theincision in the tympanic membrane, and through the tympanic membraneinto the tympanic cavity.

The proximal portion 32 includes an axially-extending radiallyoutwardly-facing generally cylindrical surface 52, which extendsgenerally from the proximal end to the distal end of the proximalportion 32.

The distal portion 34 includes at least two distally disposed legsincluding a first distal leg 56 and a second distal leg 58. The firstand second distal legs 56, 58 include, respectively first and seconddistal ends 60, 62. The first and second distal ends 60, 62 are beveledor otherwise configured to have knife like sharp edge surfaces, thatcomprise cutting surfaces. The first and second distal legs 60, 62should have distal ends 60, 62 that are designed to be sharp enough toeasily penetrate the tympanic membrane 98, upon the exertion of anaxially and medially directed force on the tympanostomy tube 30, such asan axially-directed force that is applied to the proximally-facingsurface 46 of the proximal flange 42 in a manner to move the tube 30medially toward the tympanic cavity.

By employing cutting edge containing distal ends 60, 62, the need forusing a knife to make a separate incision is thereby obviated. Theinsertion goes from two steps (i.e. (1) an incision followed by (2) thetube insertion, to one step (i.e. incise and insert, all in one). Asbest shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the distal legs 56, 58 are moveable betweenan insertion position (FIG. 4) and a maintenance position (FIG. 3). Inthe insertion position (FIG. 4), the distal legs 56, 58 assume aposition wherein they are disposed generally co-axially to the long axisof the passageway 40. In the insertion position, the cutting edges 60,62 are positioned to cut into a membrane, such as the tympanic membrane,upon an axially, medially exerted force upon the tympanostomy tube 30.

From the insertion position (FIG. 4) the distal legs 56, 58 can be movedinto a maintenance position as shown in FIG. 3. In the maintenanceposition, the long axes of each of the first and second distal legs 56,58 are disposed at least at an oblique angle to the long axis of thepassageway 40. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the first and second legs56, 58 are disposed generally co-axially to each other, and along anaxis that is generally perpendicular to the long axis of the passageway40.

When in the maintenance position as shown in FIG. 3, the distal legs 56,58 each include laterally (exteriorly) facing surfaces 68, 70 andmedially (interiorly) facing surfaces 72, 74. The designations “medialand lateral” are used to describe these surfaces because, when in themaintenance position and inserted into an ear, the laterally-facingsurfaces 68, 70 face laterally, and are disposed against themedially-facing surface of the eardrum 98. The medially-facing surfaces56, 58 face medially inwardly in the middle ear. It will be noted thatthe medially/lateral designations do not necessarily apply when a deviceis in the insertion position (FIG. 4) as in the insertion position, thelaterally-facing surfaces 68, 70 become radially outwardly-facingsurfaces, and the medially-facing surfaces 56, 58 become a radiallyinwardly-facing surfaces.

The method and process for inserting the tympanostomy tube 30 of thepresent invention is best described to with respect to FIG. 6-10.

In order to insert the tympanostomy tube 30 into an eardrum, aninsertion tool set 80 is employed. The insertion tool set 80 includes aguide tube member 82, and a plunger or piston 84. The insertion tooltube member 82 is generally tube-like in configuration, and preferablyhas a cylindrical radially outwardly-facing exterior surface 85. Agenerally cylindrical radially inwardly-facing surface 86 defines anaxially-extending interior passageway 87 (FIG. 9) which extends betweenthe proximal end 88 and the distal end 90 and is open at both theproximal end 88 and the distal end 90. The passageway accommodates theinteriorly positioned plunger 84.

The insertion tool 80 is sized and positioned so that it can be insertedinto the external auditory canal, with the proximal end 88 beingdisposed exteriorly outwardly of the external auditory canal by asufficient distance so they it can be grabbed and manipulated by thesurgeon. The distal end 90, when the insertion tube 80 is fullyinserted, should be placeable up against, and in contact with thelaterally (exteriorly) facing surface 94 of the tympanic membrane 98.

The tympanic membrane 98 generally includes a laterally (exteriorly)facing surface 94, and a medially (interiorly) facing surface 100. Thelaterally facing surface 94 of the tympanic membrane 98 serves as theinterior terminus of the external auditory canal, and the medial surface100 serves as a wall of the tympanic cavity 102. Like a drumhead, thetympanic membrane 98 stretches across the external auditory canal.

A plunger member 84 is provided for axially moving the tympanostomy tube30 in an axially medially direction down the insertion tube 80. Theplunger 84 may comprise something as simple as a cylindrical rod.Alternately, the rod or plunger 84 may be formed as a plunger-typemechanism that is constructed similarly to a plunger of a syringe.

One preferred feature of the plunger 84 is that it be sizedappropriately. In particular, the plunger should have a flange or headmember 110 that has a diameter wider than the interior diameter of theinsertion tube 80. This should be done so as to enable the plunger 84 tobe inserted only to a certain depth in the insertion tube 80.Preferably, the length of the plunger 84 and the length of thetympanostomy tube 80 should be complementarily sized so that at fullinsertion of the plunger 84, the tympanostomy tube 30 has been movedaxially in a direction and to a point where the tympanostomy tube 30 isappropriately seated within the tympanic membrane 98. The plunger 84includes a cylindrical body portion 108, a proximal end 110 thatincludes enlarged diameter head 110, and a distal end 112.

Turning now to FIG. 6, the tympanostomy tube 30 and plunger 84 are shownin a position wherein the insertion tube 80 is inserted into theauditory canal, to a point wherein the distal end 90 of the insertiontube 80 rests against the lateral surface 94 of the tympanic membrane98. The tympanostomy tube 30 is shown in its insertion position whereinthe distal legs 56, 58 are disposed at a generally co-axiallyrelationship with the axis of the axially-extending passageway 40.

The plunger has its distal end 112 disposed on and engaged with theupper surface of the radially outwardly extending flange 44 of thetympanostomy tube 200, with the proximal end 110 of the plunger 84 beingdisposed exteriorly of the insertion tube 80. FIGS. 6 and 7 do not showthe length of the plunger 84 at full scale, due to space limitations.Had these space limitations not existed, the head 110 of the plungerwould be shown as extending out further from the proximal end 88 of theinsertion tube 80.

FIG. 7 is a progressive view that shows that the insertion procedure hasprogressed to the point wherein the plunger 84 has been moved axiallymedially, to push the tympanostomy tube 30 axially medially. Thisaxially medial (distal) movement of the tympanostomy tube 30 haspermitted the cutting edge distal ends 60, 62 to pierce and incise thetympanic membrane 98. In the position shown in FIG. 7, the distal legs56, 58 are in their insertion position, and the distal ends 60, 62 justbarely extend through the tympanic membrane 98, so that only the cuttingedges 60, 62 have emerged into the tympanic cavity 102.

Turning now to FIG. 8, it will be noted that the plunger 84 is fullyextended (to its permissible position) into the interior passageway 87of the insertion tube 80, such that the distal end 112 of the plunger 84is adjacent to the distal end 90 of the insertion tube 80. Note alsothat the distal facing surface of the plunger head 110 rests against theproximal end 88 of insertion tube 80. In this position, the radiallyoutwardly extending flange 44 should rest against, or be close toresting against, the lateral surface 94 of the tympanic membrane 98.Additionally, the proximal portion 32 of the plunger 84 is positioned sothat it is generally co-extensive with, and interiorly-disposed withinthe insertion tube 80.

The central portion, and the distal portion 34 of the tympanostomy tube30 are disposed in the tympanic cavity, so that the laterally-facingsurfaces 68, 70 (FIG. 3) of the distal legs 56, 58 are disposed adjacentto, and possibly resting against, the medially facing surface 100 of thetympanic membrane 98. It also should be noted that the distal legs 56,58 have moved from their insertion position to their maintenanceposition. In the maintenance position, the first and second distal legs56, 58 are disposed at an oblique angle to the axis of the centralpassageway 40, and preferably, are disposed generally perpendicularly tothe axis of the central passageway 40.

FIG. 9 is similar generally to FIG. 8. However, the plunger 84 isremoved. As best shown in FIG. 10, the insertion tube 80 is alsoremoved, and the final resting place of the tympanostomy tube 30 isshown, with the distal legs 56, 58 being moved into their maintenanceposition. It will be noted that because of the relatively enlargedradial diameter of the proximal end flange 44, and the relativelyenlarged radial diameter of the legs 56, 58, the tympanostomy tube 30(when in the maintenance position) is prevented from moving axiallywithin the incision in the tympanic membrane 98. The flange 44 and thelegs 56, 58 thereby help to prevent the tympanostomy tube 30 from beingdislodged from the tympanic membrane 98, either by sliding laterallyoutwardly or medially inwardly. The axially extending passageway 40provides a vent tube between the external auditory canal and thetympanic cavity 102, to help prevent the buildup of fluid therein.

An alternate grommet embodiment tympanostomy tube 200 is shown in FIGS.11-20. The alternate embodiment tympanostomy tube 200 includes anenlarged diameter proximal end 202, an enlarged diameter distal end 204,and a reduced diameter central portion 206.

The central portion 206 is preferably generally cylindrical inconfiguration and is tubular in nature. The cylindrical reduced diametercentral portion 206 includes a generally cylindrical outer wall 210 anda generally cylindrical inner wall 216. Cylindrical inner wall 216defines an axially-extending passageway 218 that has a proximal opening220 adjacent the proximal end 202 of the tube 200, and a distal opening222 disposed adjacent to the distal end 204.

The axially-extending passageway 218 defines a long axis of thetympanostomy tube 200. The proximal and distal openings 220, 222 andpassageway 18 all open so that air can flow between the outer ear, andin particular, the external auditory canal, and the middle ear, and inparticular, the tympanic cavity 102. This flow of air helps to reducethe buildup of liquid mucus and fluid in the inner ear (tympaniccavity), and thus helps to combat infections and resultant ear aches.

The proximal portion 202 includes a radially-extending flange 226 thatincludes a proximally-facing radially-extending surface 228, and anopposed, distally-facing radially-extending surface 230 (FIGS. 11, 14).The enlarged diameter radially-extending flange 226 performs a functionsimilar to a nail head, as it helps to prevent the tympanostomy tube 200from moving medially through the incision in which the tympanostomy tube200 is placed. The radially-extending flange 226 also includes aradially outwardly-facing edge surface 232. Although the edge surface232 is shown as being squared off, it can be a rounded-end surface 232in the final device.

The distal portion 204 of the tympanostomy tube 202 includes aneccentric distal flange 238, that is generally ovaloid shaped inconfiguration. The eccentric distal flange 238 is placed in an eccentricrelation relative to the axially-extending passageway 218, and centralportion 206, so that the distal flange 238 includes a relatively shorterrear portion 242, and a relatively elongated forward incising portion246 that includes an incising edge 262 of the tympanostomy tube 202 thatcuts through the tympanic membrane 98, to form an incision in thetympanic membrane 98. The cutting (incising) edge 262 extends to thewidest part of the ovoid distal forward incising portion 246 (FIGS. 11,13A and 15). The tympanostomy tube 200 will simultaneously cut throughand be passed through the incision to insert the tympanostomy tube 200into the tympanic membrane 98 in one step.

It will also be noted that the tympanostomy tube's eccentric distalflange 238 is also placed at an oblique angle to the axis of theaxially-extending passageway 218. Preferably, the eccentric distalflange 238 disposed at an angle up between about 110° and 150° relativeto the long axis of the tympanostomy tube 200. This angled placement ofthe distal flange 238 helps to better position the tympanostomy tube 200cutting edge 262 visually and ergonomically for incising and cuttingthrough the tympanic membrane 98.

The eccentric distal flange 238 includes an upper proximally-facingsurface 250, and a lower distally-facing surface 252. The distal flange238 includes a perimetral surface 260 that includes a forward portion246 having a cutting edge 262, and a non-cutting edge rearward portion268. The thickness of a distal flange 238 varies in different areas ofthe flange 238. Preferably, the flange 238 is designed to be generallythinner in the forward portion 246, adjacent to the knife-shaped leadingedge 266, and more relatively blunted and thicker at the trailing edge268 of the smaller rear portion 242. Most preferably, the flange 238 isknife edge like, such that the distal flange 238 is thickest at therearward edge 268, and is beveled, such that the thickness decreases asone moves forward to the forward portion 242, with the flange 238 beingat its thinnest at forward leading edge 266.

The eccentric flange 238 should be made from material than can bedesigned to be sufficiently rigid, and sharp at the leading edge 266,and along the entire cutting edge 262 so as to be able to cut throughthe tympanic membrane 98. This toughness and sharpness can be achievedwith either a plastic, composite or a metal distal edge flange 238. Itshould be noted that the cutting edge 262 may extend along the flange238 edge 260 from the leading edge 266 to the widest point 259 (FIG. 15)of the flange 238 to ensure better cutting characteristics. Also, theedge 262 can be formed with micro-sized teeth or serrations to improvethe cutting characteristics of the device and prevent ripping orrupturing the eardrum by puncture. It should further be noted that theleading edge 266 should be rounded, rather then pointed, so that theleading edge 266 performs a controlled cut rather than a pressurepuncture, rupture or shred through the tympanic membrane 98.

The operation of the tympanostomy tube 200 will now be described withreference to FIGS. 17-20. Turning first to FIG. 17, the tube 200 isshown as being inserted in an ear canal (not shown). The proximal end202 of the tube is gripped by forceps for so that the surgeon canmanipulate the tympanostomy tube 200 into its appropriate positionwithin the ear canal so that the distal flange 238 is placed adjacent tothe lateral surface of the tympanic membrane 98. Preferably a thinforceps, such as an alligator type. Miltex micro ear forceps is employedwherein the first and second blades of the forceps are thin enough toenable the first blade to be inserted into passageway 218 to grip innercylindrical surface 216, while the second blade is disposed exteriorlyof the central portion to grip the exterior cylindrical surface 210.Through this gripping arrangement and forceps configuration, the surgeoncan easily position the tube so that the long axis 218 of the tube 200is disposed at an oblique angle, and preferably almost generallyperpendicular to the plane of the laterally facing surface of the eardrum 98.

It will also be noted, that the cutting distal edge incising portion 266is placed adjacent to the laterally-facing outer surface 94 of thetympanic membrane 98. The axis of the tube 200 (and its axiallyextending passageway) is held at an angle from perpendicular to theplane of the lateral surface of membrane 98, such that the axis of theaxially-extending passageway 218 is disposed at an angle to the tympanicmembrane 98 of approximately 45 degrees.

The forceps 273 are then manipulated by the surgeon to be moved in anaxial, medial direction with micro-back-and-forth, knife-like cuttingmovements, toward the laterally outwardly facing surface 94 of thetympanic membrane 98, so that the leading edge 266 can cut into and cutthrough laterally outwardly-facing surface 94 the tympanic membrane 98.The remainder of the trailing cutting edge 262 follows and cuts its waythrough the incised opening of tympanic membrane 98. Preferably, theleading edge 266 of the incising edge 262 of the tube is designed to not“pierce” or “puncture” the tympanic membrane 87 since piercing orpuncturing an ear drum 98 can lead to a fracture, shred or rupture ofthe eardrum 98. Eardrum damage that has occurred in prior art designshas caused the current preferred approach to comprise the “two-step”approach of using a knife to incise an opening into the eardrum followedby a secondary step of placing the tube in position.

The leading edge 266 generally provides the primary knife-like cuttingsurface, through the membrane 98. However, the entire cutting surface262 also serves to cut the tympanic membrane in those areas of thetympanic membrane that are engaged by other areas of the cutting surface262, as shown in FIG. 18.

Turning now to FIG. 19, the next progression shows that the forceps 273have moved the tympanostomy tube 200 axially forwardly (and medially) toa point wherein the leading edge 266 has emerged into the tympaniccavity, TC where as the proximal edge 202 still resides in the externalauditory canal, AC. Please note that the shown width of the incision isnot indicative of a high volume of tympanic material being cut away.Rather, it is envisioned that the leading edge 266 will make a slit-likeincision in the tympanic membrane 98 tissue, with the tissue being cutwide enough radially outwardly to allow the flange 238 to pass throughthe membrane 98, and then, to permit the tissue of the tympanic membrane98 to engage the outer cylindrical surface 210 of the central portion206 of the tympanostomy tube 200. As the incision heals, it will snuglyengage the cylindrical surface 210 to help hold the tympanostomy tube206 in its place in the tympanic membrane 98.

Turning now to FIG. 20, the tympanostomy tube 200 is shown in its finalposition. It will be noted that the proximal portion 202 of thetympanostomy tube 200 is disposed within the external auditory canal.The proximal (first) flange 226, and in particular, the distal,medially-facing surface 230 of the proximal flange 226 rests against thelateral, outwardly-facing surface 94 of the tympanic membrane 98. As thediameter of the first flange 226 is generally greater than the diameterof the incision cut through the tympanic membrane 98, the width anddiameter of the flange 226 will help to prevent the tympanostomy tube200 from migrating in a medial direction into the tympanic cavity.

The distal flange 238 is inserted into the tympanic cavity 102. As thediameter of the distal second flange 238 is greater than the diameter ofthe incision, the distal flange 238 will help to prevent thetympanostomy tube 200 from migrating in a lateral direction out of thetympanic cavity TC, and into the external auditory canal AC. Theproximal facing surface 250 engages and is placed against themedially-facing surface 100 of the tympanic membrane 98. Due to theoblique angle of the eccentric flange 238, the foreshortened rearportion 242 will more tightly and closely engage the medial surface 100of the eardrum 98, than the more distally disposed forward leading edgeportion 246.

Having described the invention in detail with referenced certainpreferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that the scope and spiritof the invention incorporates modifications, variations and equivalentsof the device described herein.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A tympanostomy tube for insertion into andresidence in a tympanic membrane of a mammal, the tympanostomy tubecomprising: a body including a first end portion, a second end portion,a central portion disposed between the first and second end portions,and an axially extending passageway having a first open end disposedadjacent the first end portion, and a second open end disposed adjacentthe second end portion, and an axis extending between the first open endand second open end, the first end portion including a relativelyenlarged diameter, generally radially extending flange, the centralportion including a reduced diameter portion sized for extending throughand residing in tissue of the tympanic membrane, the second end portionincluding a relatively enlarged diameter second flange disposed adjacentthe second end portion, the second flange including a perimetral edgehaving a sawing portion sufficiently sharp to saw through the tympanicmembrane during insertion of the tympanostomy tube through the tympanicmembrane, the sawing portion comprising a serrated edge containingsawing portion having a distal end being a rounded leading edge toincrease the likelihood of the second flange forming an incision in thetympanic membrane and reducing the likelihood of the serrated edgecontaining sawing portion tearing or rupturing the tympanic membrane. 2.The tympanostomy tube of claim 1 wherein the second radially extendingflange includes a relatively larger forwardly disposed portion, and arelatively smaller rear portion, wherein the forwardly disposed portionincludes the serrated edge containing sawing portion, and the roundedleading edge.
 3. The tympanostomy tube of claim 2 where the secondflange has a tapered thickness, such that the rear portion is generallythicker than the forwardly disposed portion.
 4. The tympanostomy tube ofclaim 1 wherein the second flange is disposed in a plane that isdisposed at an oblique angle to the axis of the axially extendingpassageway.
 5. The tympanostomy tube of claim 4 wherein the secondflange is disposed at an oblique angle such that when the tympanostomytube is placed against an exterior surface of a tympanic membrane suchthat the exterior surface is disposed in a plane generally perpendicularto the axis of the axially extending passageway, the serrated edgecontaining sawing portion of the forwardly disposed portion is disposedin a plane at an incising angle of less than about 90 degrees relativeto the exterior surface of the tympanic membrane.
 6. The tympanostomytube of claim 5 where the incising angle of the serrated edge containingsawing portion of the forwardly disposed portion is between about 30degrees and 70 degrees when the axis of the axially extending passagewayis held generally perpendicular to an exterior surface of a tympanicmembrane.
 7. The tympanostomy tube of claim 1 wherein the secondradially extending flange includes a relatively larger forwardlydisposed portion, and a relatively smaller rear portion, and the secondflange has a tapered thickness, such that the rear portion is generallythicker than serrated edge containing sawing portion of the forwardlydisposed portion.
 8. The tympanostomy tube of claim 1 wherein the secondradially extending flange includes a forwardly disposed portion, and arear portion, and the serrated edge containing sawing portion isdisposed on the forwardly disposed portion.
 9. The tympanostomy tube ofclaim 1 wherein the second flange is disposed in a plane that isdisposed at an oblique angle to the axis of the axially extendingpassageway.
 10. The tympanostomy tube of claim 1 wherein the secondflange is disposed at an oblique angle to the axis of the axiallyextending passageway such that when the tympanostomy tube is placedagainst an exterior surface of a tympanic membrane such that theexterior surface is disposed in a plane generally perpendicular to theaxis of the axially extending passageway, a sawing edge of the serratededge containing sawing portion is disposed at an incising angle of lessthan about 90 degrees relative to the exterior surface of the tympanicmembrane.
 11. A tympanostomy tube for insertion into and residence in atympanic membrane of a mammal, the tympanostomy tube comprising: a bodyincluding a first end portion, a second end portion, a central portiondisposed between the first and second end portions, and an axiallyextending passageway having a first open end disposed adjacent the firstend portion, and a second open end disposed adjacent the second endportion, and an axis extending between the first open end and secondopen end, the first end portion including a relatively enlargeddiameter, generally radially extending flange, the central portionincluding a reduced diameter portion sized for extending through andresiding in tissue of the tympanic membrane, the second end portionincluding a relatively enlarged diameter second flange disposed adjacentthe second end portion, the second flange including a perimetral edgehaving a sawing portion sufficiently sharp to saw through the tympanicmembrane during insertion of the tympanostomy tube through the tympanicmembrane, the sawing portion comprising a serrated edge containingsawing portion having a distal end being a rounded leading edgeconfigured for back and forth movement along the tympanic membrane tocause the serrated edge containing sawing portion to engage the tympanicmembrane and to saw through the tympanic membrane to thereby increasethe likelihood of the second flange cutting through the tympanicmembrane and reducing the likelihood of the serrated edge containingsawing portion tearing or rupturing the tympanic membrane.